霸刀分享 -中国钨钢牌号
常用牌号：YG3X、YG3、YG6、YG8、YG15、YG20、YG25C、YT5、YT14、YT15、YW3、YW4等，硬度在82-94HRA之间。
中国作为全球最大的硬质合金（俗称“钨钢”）生产与消费国之一，其钨资源储量位居世界前列，占全球总储量的约60%以上。依托丰富的自然资源和不断进步的冶金技术，中国的钨钢产业已形成完整的产业链体系，从原材料提纯、粉末制备、压制烧结到最终成品加工，均具备高度自主化能力。尤其在数控刀具、矿山工具、模具制造等领域，国产钨钢凭借性价比优势，在国内外市场占据重要地位。上述列举的YG、YT、YW系列正是中国国家标准（GB/T 7994-2017《硬质合金分类》）中常见的硬质合金牌号体系，广泛应用于机械加工、石油钻探、汽车制造等行业。
以YG系列为例，属于钨钴类硬质合金（WC-Co），主要由碳化钨（WC）颗粒与金属钴（Co）粘结相构成。该类材料具有优异的耐磨性、抗冲击性和导热性能，特别适用于铸铁、有色金属及非金属材料的粗加工与精加工。其中，数字代表钴含量百分比——如YG3含钴约3%，YG8则为8%。钴含量越低，硬度越高但韧性下降；反之，钴含量增加则提升韧性却牺牲部分硬度。因此，YG3X作为超细晶粒结构的高硬度牌号，常用于精密车削和镜面加工；而YG15和YG20因高钴配比，更适合重载切削或振动较大的工况环境。值得一提的是，“X”后缀通常表示细晶或超细晶组织，通过先进的喷雾干燥与低压烧结工艺实现晶粒细化至亚微米级别，从而显著提高材料的综合力学性能。
YT系列则为钨钛钴类合金（WC-TiC-Co），加入了碳化钛（TiC）成分，增强了耐高温氧化能力和抗月牙洼磨损特性，适合高速切削碳钢、合金钢等塑性金属。例如YT14中的“14”代表含TiC约14%，这类材料在连续高速车削中表现出色，但在加工不锈钢或铸铁时易产生崩刃，因其对热裂敏感。相比之下，YW系列是通用型硬质合金，兼具YG与YT的优点，含有TaC/NbC等稀有碳化物添加剂，提升了抗热震性和化学稳定性，被誉为“万能刀片”，广泛用于难加工材料如高温合金、不锈钢的间断切削。例如YW3和YW4就常见于航空航天零部件制造中。
从微观结构来看，这些牌号的性能差异不仅取决于化学成分，更受制于生产工艺。现代中国大型钨钢企业如株洲钻石（ZCCCT）、自贡硬质合金（ZGHM）、厦门金鹭等，已引进德国真空烧结炉、HIP热等静压设备及纳米级粒度控制技术，使产品晶粒均匀度、致密度大幅提升。此外，国家近年来推动“工业强基工程”与“新材料产业发展指南”，鼓励高端硬质合金研发，推动YG25C这类高韧性粗加工牌号向智能化、复合化方向发展。未来，随着智能制造与绿色制造理念深入，中国钨钢将更加注重涂层技术结合（如TiN、TiAlN多层涂层）、梯度结构设计以及可持续回收利用，进一步缩小与国际顶尖品牌的差距，在全球高端工具市场赢得更大话语权。
Chinese tungsten steel grades
Common grades: YG3X, YG3, YG6, YG8, YG15, YG20, YG25C, YT5, YT14, YT15, YW3, YW4, etc., with hardness ranging from 82 to 94HRA.
As one of the world's largest producers and consumers of cemented carbide (commonly known as "tungsten steel"), China ranks among the top in the world in terms of tungsten resources reserves, accounting for more than 60% of the global total reserves. Relying on its abundant natural resources and continuously advancing metallurgical technology, China's tungsten steel industry has formed a complete industrial chain system, with a high degree of autonomy in all aspects from raw material purification, powder preparation, pressing and sintering to the final product processing. Especially in fields such as CNC tools, mining tools, and mold manufacturing, domestic tungsten steel has occupied an important position in both domestic and international markets by virtue of its cost-performance advantage. The YG, YT and YW series listed above are precisely the common hard alloy grade systems in the Chinese national standard (GB/T 7994-2017 "Classification of Hard Alloys"), and are widely used in industries such as mechanical processing, oil drilling and automotive manufacturing.
Take the YG series as an example. It belongs to tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide (WC-CO), mainly composed of tungsten carbide (WC) particles and the binder phase of metallic cobalt (Co). This type of material features excellent wear resistance, impact resistance and thermal conductivity, and is particularly suitable for rough and finish machining of cast iron, non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials. Among them, the figures represent the percentage of cobalt content - for instance, YG3 contains approximately 3% cobalt, while YG8 is 8%. The lower the cobalt content, the higher the hardness but the lower the toughness. Conversely, an increase in cobalt content enhances toughness but sacrifices some hardness. Therefore, YG3X, as a high-hardness grade with an ultrafine grain structure, is often used in precision turning and mirror finishing. YG15 and YG20, due to their high cobalt ratio, are more suitable for heavy-duty cutting or working conditions with significant vibration. It is worth mentioning that the "X" suffix usually indicates fine-grained or ultrafine-grained structures. Through advanced spray drying and low-pressure sintering processes, the grains are refined to the sub-micron level, thereby significantly enhancing the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material.
The YT series is a tungsten-titanium-cobalt alloy (WC-TiC-Co), with the addition of titanium carbide (TiC) components, which enhances its high-temperature oxidation resistance and crescent-shaped wear resistance. It is suitable for high-speed cutting of plastic metals such as carbon steel and alloy steel. For instance, the "14" in YT14 indicates that it contains approximately 14% TiC. Such materials perform well in continuous high-speed turning, but they are prone to chipping when processing stainless steel or cast iron due to their sensitivity to thermal cracking. In contrast, the YW series is a general-purpose cemented carbide that combines the advantages of YG and YT. It contains rare carbide additives such as TaC/NbC, which enhance thermal shock resistance and chemical stability. It is hailed as a "universal blade" and is widely used in intermittent cutting of difficult-to-machine materials such as high-temperature alloys and stainless steel. For instance, YW3 and YW4 are commonly found in the manufacturing of aerospace components.
From a microscopic perspective, the performance differences among these grades are not only determined by their chemical composition but are also constrained by the production process. Modern large-scale tungsten steel enterprises in China, such as Zhuzhou Diamond (ZCCCT), Zigong Cemented Carbide (ZGHM), and Xiamen Jinlu, have introduced German vacuum sintering furnaces, HIP hot isostatic pressing equipment, and nano-scale particle size control technology, significantly enhancing the uniformity and density of their product grains. In addition, in recent years, the state has promoted the "Industrial Foundation Strengthening Project" and the "New Materials Industry Development Guidelines", encouraging the research and development of high-end hard alloys and promoting the development of high-toughness rough machining grades like YG25C towards intelligence and composite directions. In the future, as the concepts of intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing deepen, Chinese tungsten steel will pay more attention to the integration of coating technologies (such as multi-layer coatings of TiN and TiAlN), gradient structure design, and sustainable recycling and utilization, further narrowing the gap with international top brands and winning greater say in the global high-end tool market.