霸刀分享-提如何提高淬硬零件车削速度、延长刀具使用寿命

时间 :2025/7/24点击 :96874613来源 :BADAO

霸刀分享-提如何提高淬硬零件车削速度、延长刀具使用寿命

加工时间缩短70%、成本降低70%、工艺过程更加灵活、交货期更短这些都是淬硬零件车削能够带来的明显优势,对汽车变速器零件生产厂家尤其重要。但这些只有通过使用经过优化的刀片材质才能实现。于是,有行业尖端者设计出了最新材质,提高抗月牙洼磨损和崩刃能力,速度更快,刃线强度更好。

  当今,淬硬零件车削被广泛认为是淬硬钢零件磨削的一种经济有效的替代选择。淬硬零件车削可大大提高生产效率,同时降低机床投资成本、节约能耗和冷却液用量。其它好处包括排屑更容易,可回收切屑,从而附加收益高。

  淬硬零件车削通常是一种成品或半成品工艺过程,其尺寸精确度高,表面质量要求严格。按照广义的定义,淬硬钢系指硬度在55 HRc及以上的材料,因此需要坚硬的切削刀具。

  目前已知的世界上第二硬的材料立方氮化硼(CBN),自上世纪80年代首次作为切削刀具材料使用,现如今已经得到广泛应用。这主要是因为CBN刀片可承受较高的切削温度和切削力,仍能保持其切削刃不受损坏。经过实践证明,CBN可延长刀具使用寿命,并且始终保持一致,因此加工出来的零件表面质量优异。

前处理是关键

  在开始淬硬零件车削前,必须精心处理软态(未淬硬)零件。

  由于淬硬零件车削所使用的切削深度相对较小,所以软加工的尺寸公差带较窄,这是保证工艺过程一致性的关键,也是延长刀具使用寿命、提高零件质量的关键。此时,使用零件倒角和倒圆等特点,可优化进刀出刀,从而延长刀具使用寿命。

  还应当考虑零件的夹紧。例如,使用宽卡爪并将零件尽量靠近主轴轴承,效果非常明显。作为一种通用指导原则,在只有一端装夹的情况下,工件推荐的长度直径比为2:1(最大4:1)。如果有附加尾座支撑,长径比可增加至8:1。关于刀片夹紧方面,CoroTurn® RC夹紧系统提供的安全性和稳定性比较适合CBN刀片。

  干切(不使用冷却液)是淬硬零件车削的另一个关键优势。CBN刀片可承受1000°C (1800°F)以上的切削温度。一般来说,使用干态CBN,对刀具延长使用寿命有好处,特别是断续切削。

理解磨损机理

  为了正确选择刀片,首先要理解与CBN刀具有关的最常见的磨损类型——月牙洼磨损和后面磨损。当加工表面硬化钢时,主要出现月牙洼磨损,而且月牙洼磨损主要是工件与刀片之间接触点处的极端高温和作用力引起的。这类磨损的形成,可削弱切削刃,从而导致刀具使用寿命不一致。

  在较低切削速度和加工磨性较大的材料(例如轴承或工具钢)时,后面磨损较为常见。此时的主要磨损机理是磨蚀。严重的后面磨损对表面完整性和尺寸精确度不利。

  尽管磨损很复杂,但还是有办法控制,并保持加工工序的一致性和可靠性。例如,为了减小后面磨损的影响,应当增加切削速度和进刀量;如果需要减小月牙洼磨损,应当降低切削速度,增加进刀量。

槽型考虑因素

  显然,刀片槽型和切削刃处理对淬硬零件车削极为重要,因为它们对刀具使用寿命和生产效率有重大影响。例如,标准刀尖半径产生的切削力最低,并且稳定性要求也最不严格,而山特维克可乐满的修光刃和Xcel槽型可同时提高生产效率和表面质量。

  刀片刀尖半径是一个非常重要的性能参数。0.2-0.4 mm (0.008-0.016 inch)的小刀尖半径具有良好的断屑性能,而0.8-1.2 mm (0.03-0.05 inch)的大刀尖半径可产生更好的表面质量和更薄的切屑,从而降低了月牙洼磨损程度。

  其它考虑因素包括选择最适合应用的倒角和切削刃状况。此时,S型刃口处理是淬硬零件车削的首选。它比T型刃口更强劲,更能耐破碎和崩刃,因此刀具使用寿命更长。

Ba Dao Sharing - How to Increase the turning Speed of hardened Parts and Extend the Service Life of Tools

 

The obvious advantages that hardened parts turning can bring, such as a 70% reduction in processing time, a 70% decrease in cost, a more flexible technological process, and a shorter delivery time, are particularly important for manufacturers of automotive transmission parts. But all of this can only be achieved by using optimized blade materials. So, some industry leaders have designed the latest material, which enhances the resistance to crescent-shaped wear and chipping, is faster and has better edge line strength.

 

Nowadays, turning of hardened parts is widely regarded as an economical and effective alternative to grinding of hardened steel parts. Turning hardened parts can significantly enhance production efficiency, while reducing the investment cost of machine tools, saving energy consumption and coolant usage. Other benefits include easier chip removal and the recyclability of chips, thereby generating high additional revenue.

 

Hardened parts turning is usually a finished or semi-finished product process, with high dimensional accuracy and strict surface quality requirements. In a broad sense, hardened steel refers to materials with a hardness of 55 HRc or above, and thus requires hard cutting tools.

 

Cubic boron nitride (CBN), currently known as the second hardest material in the world, was first used as a cutting tool material in the 1980s and has now been widely applied. This is mainly because CBN inserts can withstand high cutting temperatures and cutting forces while still maintaining their cutting edges undamaged. It has been proven through practice that CBN can extend the service life of cutting tools and always maintain consistency. Therefore, the surface quality of the parts processed is excellent.

 

Preprocessing is the key

 

Before starting the turning of hardened parts, the soft (unhardened) parts must be carefully processed.